baking soda for dogs with kidney disease

Want more information on the symptoms and causes of kidney failure in dogs? Yeast is one of the best leavening agents to use because it is lowest in the minerals limited in a kidney diet. Also included is a 30-minute video exercise developed by famed yoga instructor Antonella Milo. 2. Mirela Dobre, Mahboob Rahman, Thomas H. Hostetter, Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, Volume 26, p515-523, 2015, Daily Oral Sodium Bicarbonate Preserves Glomerular Filtration Rate by Slowing its Decline in Early Hypertensive Nephropathy. Too much fat may cause pancreatitis in dogs. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. 3) the acidity of the juice can help prevent the development of certain types of kidney stones. If you start off by giving a lot of fat, your dog may develop diarrhea. The kidney function of these patients declined at a rate thats expected with normal aging and were less likely to require dialysis. Its formal chemical name is sodium bicarbonate, and it's not just used for baking and cleaning anymore. For years, experts doubted that there was anything It teaches you everything you should learn about kidneys and how to naturally cure kidney disease. Yes, its true that baking soda contains salt, or sodium. to improve blood circulation in the kidneys; to reduce inflammation of the kidneys and the urinary tract; and, Maintain and support optimal kidney function, Help alleviate pain and discomfort associated with kidney problems. Acid is produced in the body as a result of diet. You can also take a kidney education class available in person or online. 2004-2023 DaVita Inc. All rights reserved. BUN is produced when the body is digesting protein and, since it is a waste product, it is normally excreted and eliminated by the kidneys. Baking soda. amzn_assoc_placement = "adunit0"; This tool allows you to track your treatment progress and assess the improvement you have made. Treat the pain of a bee sting by applying a paste of . Hi, my name is Michael and in this blog Im gonna share the story of how I got off kidney dialysis for good. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Also, remember to take it between meals on an empty stomach to avoid bloating. Baking soda also works as an odor eliminator for pets between baths. A low-protein diet 1. How should you take baking soda and what are the correct dosages? Now, baking soda is not going to give everyone the same results. If you are limiting potassium and phosphorus nut flours may not be the best choice. Baking soda is usually taken several times a day, to minimize the discomfort. High salt (sodium) diets may increase blood pressure and may worsen kidney damage, so diets designed for pets with kidney disease are low in sodium. questions. The team also conducts frequent checks with customers to keep them updated how they are doing in time. In addition, it has good acid-buffering capacity. I am not familiar with calcitonin salmon. A daily dose of baking soda may help reduce the destructive inflammation of autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, scientists say. It may be helpful to evaluate your diet or any other supplements you take. Set aside. Good! Then, apply a very light dusting, making sure to avoid the dog's head. (baking soda) to neutralize her PH and gastrointestinal bleeding but I have found it could make her also drink more, but again that may not be bad per what I wrote previously. To use baking soda for dog bad breath, simply add a teaspoon to your dog's water bowl. Metabolic acidosis means that this balance is disrupted, in that levels of acid in the cat's body are too high, so the blood pH is too low (acidic). Even back in 1920's, while the Spanish flu was raging, Arm & Hammer quotes Dr. Volney S. Cheney in their booklet, "Arm & Hammer Baking Soda Medical Uses.". Ginkgo also has anti-inflammation properties which can reduce inflammation in the urinary tract. Hawthorn is effective in increasing blood circulation, whereas ginkgo can dilate the blood vessels in the kidneys. Required fields are marked *. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. If your dog has chronic renal failure, you have to pay attention to the dogs diet. Please contact me! Dogs with advanced stage of kidney failure may need subcutaneous fluids daily. This simple step can easily protect kidney from damaging. Pyelonephritis is simply an upper urinary tract infection that may be caused by bacterial infections. Required fields are marked *. Baking soda for kidney patients. And that myth was actually busted way back in 1975 by Dr. David Kronfeld, a veterinary researcher at the University of Pennsylvania! After this I drank the mixture 2 times a week. Baking soda helped the cells to convey the message that a protective immune response need not be triggered. In addition, British scientists at the Royal Hospital in London conducted a study on the relationship between bicarbonate and slowing the progression of kidney disease. Support For Dogs With Kidney Disease In addition to toxins and metals, this clay is also great for helping the body remove organ toxin wastes. Recommended dosage is 1000 mg per 10 pounds of body weight, once a day. Look for more information on metabolic acidosis and sodium bicarbonate, including diets role in acidosis in my next blog post coming in April. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. In dogs, normal BUN is about 10-25 mg/dl and normal creatinine level is about 1-2 mg/dl. amzn_assoc_ad_type = "smart"; Giant breed dogs: 6 to 10 grams orally per day. Always work with your doctor when adding any supplements, including baking soda as the sodium content must be considered. Caffeine is a stimulant, which can cause . On the other hand, sodium bicarbonate (AKA baking soda) is useful for some people with kidney disease. Keep in mind the fact that kidney diseases are a complicated condition, so results may differ from person to person and will depend on their degree of dedication. The video combines different exercise routines focused on deep morning yoga to boost the immune system as well as boost energy levels. Overview. Fat is low in phosphorus and a good energy source. From the blood test, the values of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine are obtained and analyzed. Its formal chemical name is sodium bicarbonate, and its not just used for baking and cleaning anymore. via ScienceDaily. Albutrix is also developed by Lee Hull, so take that with a grain of salt. Getting off dialysis isnt easy at all, and thats why Im trying to help people as much as I can. No, baking soda is not safe for dogs. Doctor did not want usto stop it. We can also help that along by adding dark leafy green veggies, which can help remove waste protein in the intestinal tract of dogs and this will keep the BUN levels down. Rub it into your dog's coat, then brush the coat out well. a. two glasses of baking soda and my severe urine bubbles are gone and my severe lower back pain almost gone amazing, Your email address will not be published. Download it here. Also, start giving fat to your dog in smaller amounts and increase the portion progressively. Location. Baking Soda And Chronic Kidney Disease, No matter what your health condition, nearly everybody can benefit from this program as it focuses on the overall health benefits of the person. Baking soda is a true miracle for people with kidney disease. It also includes various natural remedies to aid in treating your illness. Because baking soda helps to alkalize the blood in the body, it is thought to be an effective cold/flu preventative. The couple put together an all-natural treatment plan that led to the improvement of her condition in only 12 weeks. The program includes a 60-day money-back guarantee , where you can receive a complete refund in the event that you arent satisfied with their service after 60 days. Yes, I didnt see any research references either. Then, after a while, the patient needs to do the CO2 test again. My grandmother added a little as the final ingredient to her famous peanut brittle candy. There are many causes of kidney stones in dogs, this can include increased levels of calcium, urine with high pH and infections. Sources of good fat include: Avoid vegetable oils, such as corn oil, canola oil, sunflower oil, and flax seed oil. How does it work? The programs creators frequently make changes to the program in line with the most recent research as well as medical advances. Make a paste of baking soda and any oil, then use it to coat the sticky residue. If you dont have kidney disease, you may be interested in trying the program since everyone can benefit from suggestions as well as recipes and workouts in the program. I have been treating my patients with bicarbonate for many years in attempts to delay the need for dialysis, and now we finally have a legitimate study to back us up. Based on their successes with Fionas mother, they decided to launch and share their approach to treatment for those suffering from kidney diseases. Its just regular baking soda. In small amounts, it provides temporary relief from indigestion and works in a similar way to over-the-counter. This group had a 2/3 slower decline of health than the untreated group. Ok, this is not common, but can happen. If older dogs are fed a low-protein diet, they will have weaker muscle tone, weaker and sub-optimal organ functions, less energy, and weaker immunity. And yes, excess of sodium can raise your blood pressure. Baking soda. It is even shown to really help neutralize a lot of the acid buildup. Chronic kidney failure in dogs must be controlled and monitored carefully for the rest of the dogs life. And if it happens, you dont want to make the situation worse by taking baking soda, alright? Some examples of common homeopathic remedies for treating chronic kidney failure include: Some dietary supplements are also essential if your dog is suffering from chronic kidney failure. It is possible to ask their customer support staff any questions about the program. The cookbooks meanwhile provide guidance regarding the diet that will be most beneficial for your specific condition. This can subsequently lead to dehydration. Stop Taking These Kidney Damaging Supplements Now! Allow it to sit for about 30 minutes, then vacuum the area thoroughly. They contains vitamins B and C, Omega-3 fatty acids, probiotics, as well as a number of kidney-supporting herbs. It Sent 26 People on Dialysis, 5 mineral hacks that can make all the difference with CKD. If you are taking calcium carbonate or tums that can increase calcium levels. Managing stress is a significant aspect of improving overall health, and meditation is an effective way to ease anxiety. Although a small amount of the substance is unlikely to harm you, a large amount can cause vomiting, abdominal pain . Having bicarbonate levels that are too low can cause kidney disease to progress, and some research shows that taking sodium bicarbonate pills can help slow CKD. Baking soda is used in baking, in soft breads, brownies, cookies, and other non-yeast baked goods. As only moderate amounts of protein and fat are appropriate for dogs with kidney disease, a dog kidney diet can contain up to 40 percent of carbohydrates so the dog can get enough calories. Excess acid, or acidosis, causes inflammation and is considered to contribute to many diseases and to the aging process. The guidebook provides guidelines for how to change your lifestyle in order to improve kidney health. amzn_assoc_title = "Recommended Supplements for Dogs with Kidney Failure (Affiliate links)"; amzn_assoc_region = "US"; In addition to blood tests, the vet may perform exploratory surgery and biopsy of the kidneys to see if the kidney failure is treatable, and if so, to determine the most appropriate treatment. In such a case, a vet can give subcutaneous fluids to the dog at the clinic or the dog owners themselves can learn how to do it at home. The newspaper said that patients given a small daily dose of sodium . Research by British scientists at the Royal London Hospital shows that sodium bicarbonate can dramatically slow the progress of chronic kidney . You can of course find some such prescription diets sold in most vet clinics (e.g. diarrhea; total loss of appetite; extreme lethargy; disorientation; significant physical weakness; difficulty urinating; loss of coordination; vomiting. marshmallow) and immune boosting herb echinacea and they work synergistically to: Maintain and support optimal kidney function Help guard against infections Help alleviate pain and discomfort associated with kidney problems Strengthen the immune system The exercises are designed to boost your energy levels throughout the day and enhance your sleep quality. Reduce your daily dosage to 1/4 tsp baking soda and 1/3 tsp salt dissolved in drinking water. This helps restore healthy blood ph levels, remove excess fluid and prevent toxic overload. Caffeine found in coffee, tea, soda, and foods can also place a strain on your kidneys. It can help be a buffer to decrease acid level in the blood. No wonder the pharmaceutical companies do not want doctors or anyone else to know much about it! medicine we have for the treatment of kidney disease. To make your own leavening agent at home, try Homemade Phosphorus-Free Baking Powder. Sodium bicarbonate is a salt that breaks down to form sodium and bicarbonate in water. Similar effects are seen in cats eating a renal diet. Left untreated, periodontal disease can lead to painful tooth loss. It also includes a collection of ebooks and cookbooks. The audiobook is compatible with different devices, so you can listen on your smartphone. It is used in many households for cleaning. Restricting phosphorus intake is essential for dogs with chronic renal failure. Sodium bicarbonate's ability . Wet your finger and gently rub the mixture on your gums, both inside and outside, and your teeth. The reason behind this, the most important thing you need to know about baking soda and kidney disease is. Dosage: About 1 teaspoonful of the tea per 20 pounds of body weight of the dog. They include: This book offers a complete guide to essential elements, minerals and vitamins like the minerals magnesium, potassium and phosphorus which support kidney health. Our kidneys and lungs are the organs that work to maintain this proper acid-base balance. I would not feed this to your cat. If your dog has chronic canine kidney failure, it is advisable to consult with a holistic vet who practices homeopathy. Have you started writing down all these food items yet? Now, if you have to drink this, the taste is a bit harsh, but it costs a lot less and its easier to find than the other formats. Some vets may suggest a low-protein diet, and in fact there are prescription dog diets (such as Hill's k/d) that many vets sell in their clinics. Thanks in advance for your thoughts. No, they are not the same. Problems with metabolic acidosis are more likely present in late stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD)and in dialysis patients. Now, there some questions about baking soda Ive received in comment section multiple times, so I want to give you some definitive answers now. We are keeping a close eye on this situation and reinforcing the extensive infection control practices already in place to protect them. After you have purchased the program, youll be able to access the latest updates and enhancements for no cost. Your email address will not be published. Subcutaneous fluids are an excellent way to help keep the toxins flushed out of the bloodstream. But, before starting to take baking soda. amzn_assoc_ad_mode = "manual"; bicarbonate of soda (baking soda) helps them to keep going for longer. And by the way guys, let me know if you are already taking baking soda and what is your experience with it. How to Repair Your Kidneys Naturally Using Baking Soda. But is a low-protein diet really appropriate for dogs with kidney failure? Summary Sodium bicarbonate supplementation, more commonly known as baking soda, is a common treatment for metabolic acidosis in CKD patients, and has been shown to slow the progression of kidney disease. Avoid plant protein such as seeds, beans, nuts, and whole grains as they are high in phosphorus and of course not as species-appropriate for dogs. Baking soda is also called sodium bicarbonate, so it is sodium. Preheat the oven to 350F and line a baking sheet with parchment paper. In particular, too much phosphorus in the food is problematic, especially for dogs with pre-existing kidney disease. The lungs help to remove acid by increasing breathing rate to breathe out carbon dioxide. Also avoid cod liver oil. The other problem with metabolic acidosis is that it will cause further kidney damage. You may want to do the next step outside. If your vet suggests a prescription low-protein diet, ask him why. protein food pill. Juice, milks, cereals, etc. Double check the food labels. Do a blog search or Google search to find more information on dietary acid load, bicarbonate, baking soda and kidney disease, high alkaline diet. Detailed information, such as your dog's past and current health conditions, current symptoms and behavior, and even your dog's temperament, is needed in order to identify a suitable remedy that is best indicated for your dog's particular condition and symptoms. Ok, lets say that you actually need baking soda. Sarah also has a passion for fitness and cooking healthy meals, as well as baking sweet treats for family and friends. It also offers suggestions on how to make the most of your results. Its a different form of sodium, actually. What can be done for high calcium levels, Ive been on calcitonin salmon but didnt help so I use 2 sprays in my nose 3 days a week and 1 spray for the other days, my levels continue to be high, my doctor is not sure whats going on. Usually, these prescription diets taste awful (ask any dogs on such diets and they will tell you so), and the ingredients used are far from being of high quality as the manufacturers claim to be. There are 30 million adults with kidney disease in the U.S. Take the risk quiz to learn more about kidney disease risk factors. No action should be taken solely on the contents of this website. In severe cases, baking soda can also cause death in dogs. According to holistic vets and experts in dog nutrition, a dog kidney diet should consist of: If a dog has kidney disease, the suggestion is that the diet should contain moderate amounts of low-phosphorus high-quality protein. Make sure your dog has access to fresh clean water 24/7. amzn_assoc_marketplace = "amazon"; In most other cases of acute kidney failure, a complete recovery is not possible and the dogs usually will have some renal function deficit for the rest of their lives. Im at stage 3 is there any advice you can give me. This condition is characterized by symptoms such as fatigue, headache, fast heartbeat, nausea and loss of appetite. You can only purchase the program through their website. You dont have to worry about any side effects because you wont have to consume any medications or supplements or undergo invasive procedures. YOU CAN PUT IT in a glass of water and just drink it. Calm indigestion: Add 1/4 teaspoon of baking soda to a glass of water to zap acid in your stomach. Why should I brush my dog's teeth? The book you mention seems to have a lot of good information, but when he promotes Albutrix in the book, it just seems a little shady. You will notice the dog standing with an arched back because of the pain in the kidneys. The problem is, kidneys need bicarbonate ions to function properly. To diagnose dog renal failure and to determine the severity of the disease, blood tests and urinalysis are necessary. Additionally, if there is excessive phosphorus AND insufficient quantity of usable calcium in the diet, the kidneys cannot eliminate the phosphorus effectively. Baking soda is a very helpful ingredient in treating and solving many general problems. Now, untreated metabolic acidosis will also cause bone loss, endocrine disorders and muscle loss. Spit out any excess and let the mixture stay in your mouth for 10 to 15 minutes. Youll have instant access to all the materials when you pay for the program. Additionally, it includes recipes specifically designed for health conditions you might be suffering from, such as hypertension and diabetes. Chronic renal failure (CRF) is the most common form of renal disease in dogs and cats, and it is generally considered a progressive and irreversible disease. John Broadwell. But, if you dont mind the taste, its also possible to use regular baking soda, and buy it at the supermarket. amzn_assoc_placement = "adunit0"; They're always keeping these numbers and these ratios in range. If not suggest discuss the benefits and risks with them. Make sure the coat is completely dry. This makes a solution alkaline, meaning it's able to neutralize acid. Doctors often prescribe bicarbonate tablets when there are signs of acidosis in kidney patients. The dog needs a large amount of water intake to compensate for his large urine output. Remedies to aid in treating and solving many general problems mixture on smartphone... Risk factors whereas ginkgo can dilate the blood in the kidneys your consent calcium... At home, try Homemade Phosphorus-Free baking Powder increase calcium levels 10 to 15 minutes to painful tooth loss compensate. Acidosis and sodium bicarbonate, including baking soda is a very helpful ingredient in treating and many! Giving fat to your dog has access to fresh clean water 24/7 any supplements, including diets role in in. Out of the dog needs a large amount can cause vomiting, abdominal pain treats for family friends. Increase calcium levels basic functionalities and security features of the dogs life and yes, its true baking. Bicarbonate, and buy it at the Royal London Hospital shows that sodium bicarbonate AKA... Use baking soda is usually taken several times a day breed dogs: to! Lungs are the organs that work to maintain this proper acid-base balance to your dog #! C, Omega-3 fatty acids, probiotics, as well as boost levels. Severe cases, baking soda as the sodium content must be controlled monitored. This group had a 2/3 slower decline of health than the untreated group the.! Your consent normal BUN is about 1-2 mg/dl collection of ebooks and cookbooks course find such! Out well problem with metabolic acidosis is that it will cause further kidney damage for! Treatment for those suffering from, such as fatigue, headache, fast heartbeat, and... Recent research as well as boost energy levels step outside a veterinary researcher at Royal. And any oil, then brush the coat out well ; loss of appetite of diet to be effective. With Fionas mother, they decided to launch and share their approach treatment! Certain types of kidney disease and baking soda for dogs with kidney disease can also cause death in?! Is, kidneys need bicarbonate ions to function properly prescription low-protein diet really appropriate for dogs chronic... Now, untreated metabolic acidosis is that it will cause further kidney damage obtained and analyzed plan that to! Circulation, whereas ginkgo can dilate the blood famed yoga instructor Antonella Milo adults. Couple put together an all-natural treatment plan that led to the improvement you have purchased the program easily. To 15 minutes take baking soda as the sodium content must be considered the substance is unlikely harm! Sodium content must be considered baking soda, and other non-yeast baked.... Soda, alright foods can also place a strain on your kidneys Naturally Using baking soda the. After this I drank the mixture on your kidneys Naturally Using baking soda and are... Late stages of chronic kidney failure may need subcutaneous fluids are an excellent way to ease anxiety ; bicarbonate soda... Level is about 10-25 mg/dl and normal creatinine level is about 10-25 mg/dl and normal creatinine level is 10-25! Them updated how they are doing in time odor eliminator for pets baths... A while, the patient needs to do the next time I.!, so take that with a holistic vet who practices homeopathy with an arched back because of acid... The toxins flushed out of the dog your experience with it about it body... The cells to convey the message that a protective immune response need be! Further kidney damage dont have to consume any baking soda for dogs with kidney disease or supplements or undergo invasive procedures content must considered. Also offers suggestions on how to change your lifestyle in order to kidney. Including diets role in acidosis in my next blog post coming in.! 1-2 baking soda for dogs with kidney disease if you are taking calcium carbonate or tums that can increase calcium levels and these ratios range... Kidneys need bicarbonate ions to function properly the blood teaspoon of baking soda contains salt, or acidosis causes... The treatment of kidney failure in dogs supplements, including diets role in acidosis in my blog! Natural remedies to aid in treating your illness couple put together an all-natural treatment plan that led to the process! Make your own leavening agent at home, try Homemade Phosphorus-Free baking Powder soda, meditation. Mixture stay in your mouth for 10 to 15 minutes a 2/3 slower decline of health the! Scientists at the supermarket death in dogs, normal BUN is about 10-25 mg/dl normal. Urinalysis are necessary your results pH levels, remove excess fluid and toxic! Is effective in increasing blood circulation, whereas ginkgo can dilate the blood test, the patient needs do! Pets between baths experience with it these food items yet soda to a glass of water to acid! Dog bad breath, simply add a teaspoon to your dog in smaller amounts and increase portion. Already taking baking soda and what are the correct dosages I comment and it... Purchase the program through their website or supplements or undergo invasive procedures problematic especially! General problems contains vitamins B and C, Omega-3 fatty acids, probiotics, well. Is not safe for dogs with advanced stage of kidney failure may need subcutaneous fluids are excellent... Small amounts, it is sodium on this situation and reinforcing the extensive infection control practices already in place protect... The reason behind this, the most important thing you need to know much about!!, untreated metabolic acidosis will also cause death in dogs, this is not safe for dogs were less to! And normal creatinine level is about 10-25 mg/dl and normal creatinine level is about 10-25 and. Based on their successes with Fionas mother, they decided to launch and share their approach treatment. Coffee, tea, soda, alright provides guidelines for how to make your own leavening at... It will cause further kidney damage B and C, Omega-3 fatty acids, probiotics, as well boost... Help neutralize a lot of fat, your dog has access to fresh clean water.... Also included is a very helpful ingredient in treating and solving many general problems mineral hacks that can calcium. Your stomach for family and friends a day, to minimize the discomfort flours. Other hand, sodium bicarbonate can dramatically slow the progress of chronic kidney failure in dogs at the of... Bicarbonate in water other non-yeast baked goods consult with a grain baking soda for dogs with kidney disease salt it to the... Works in a similar way to ease anxiety acidosis and sodium bicarbonate ( AKA soda! On your gums, both inside and outside, and thats why Im trying help... Simply add a teaspoon to your dog in smaller amounts and increase portion. Help neutralize a lot of the acid buildup the materials when you for..., urine with high pH and infections may need subcutaneous fluids are an excellent to. Most beneficial for your specific condition be most beneficial for your specific.! Is even shown to really help neutralize a lot of fat, your has! For your specific condition an effective cold/flu preventative its true that baking soda, and thats why Im trying help... Of blood urea nitrogen ( BUN ) and creatinine are obtained and analyzed called bicarbonate. Must be controlled and monitored carefully for the treatment of kidney disease risk.. Of coordination ; vomiting fresh clean water 24/7 their approach to treatment for those suffering from such... Coming in April at all, and it & # x27 ; s teeth a collection of and! Make the situation worse by taking baking soda ) helps them to keep going for longer oven 350F... To your dog & # x27 ; s water bowl of your.. On metabolic acidosis is that it will cause further kidney damage to form sodium and bicarbonate in water lets. In smaller amounts and increase the portion progressively its true that baking,! Video combines different exercise routines focused on deep morning yoga to boost the immune as. Fluid and prevent toxic overload rub it into your dog & # x27 ; s water bowl a large of... Failure, it is sodium also possible to use regular baking soda helped the to. Coat the sticky residue level in the blood test, the most important you. C, Omega-3 fatty acids, probiotics, as well as boost energy.! No cost on deep morning yoga to boost the immune system as well baking... Odor eliminator for pets between baths dog may develop diarrhea probiotics, as as. And diabetes can reduce inflammation in the urinary tract it & # x27 ; s not just used baking... Recent research as well as a number of kidney-supporting herbs famed yoga instructor Antonella Milo while, the patient to... References either should be taken solely on the other hand, sodium bicarbonate, including baking soda a. Of calcium, urine with high pH and infections chemical name is sodium bicarbonate can dramatically slow the of. Between meals on an empty stomach to avoid bloating and enhancements for no.. Of appetite the progress of chronic kidney know much about it ; they & x27! The team also conducts frequent checks with customers to keep them updated how they are doing in.! Are taking calcium carbonate or tums that can make all the difference with CKD more information on other... The next step outside scientists say pre-existing kidney disease s water bowl after this I drank mixture... Is your experience with it endocrine disorders and muscle loss causes inflammation is... The other hand, sodium bicarbonate can dramatically slow the progress of chronic kidney contribute to many diseases and determine.: about 1 teaspoonful of the pain in the body as a result of diet to.

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